In this book J. M. Balkin offers a strikingly original theory of cultural evolution, a theory that explains shared understandings, disagreement, and diversity within cultures. Drawing on many fields of study-including anthropology, evolutionary theory, cognitive science, linguistics, sociology, political theory, philosophy, social psychology, and law-the author explores how cultures grow and spread, how shared understandings arise, and how people of different cultures can understand and evaluate each other's views. Cultural evolution occurs through the transmission of cultural information and know-how-"cultural software"-in human minds, Balkin says. Individuals embody cultural software and spread it to others through communication and social learning. Ideology, the author contends, is neither a special nor a pathological form of thought but an ordinary product of the evolution of cultural software. Because cultural understanding is a patchwork of older imperfect tools that are continually adapted to solve new problems, human understanding is partly adequate and partly inadequate to the pursuit of justice. Balkin presents numerous examples that illuminate the sources of ideological effects and their contributions to injustice. He also enters the current debate over multiculturalism, applying his theory to problems of mutual understanding between people who hold different worldviews. He argues that cultural understanding presupposes transcendent ideals and shows how both ideological analysis of others and ideological self-criticism are possible.
You may have always expected your job as a parent to be done once your children reached adulthood . . . but you're quickly finding out that you never stop being a parent! Jim Newheiser and Elyse Fitzpatrick ground you in the guidance of God's Word, reminding you that your relationship with your adult children can only be as deep and meaningful as your relationship with him. Reads R to L (Japanese Style) for teen plus audiences. Poor executive function (EF) in the brain can mean behavioral and attentional problems in school. This book explains to professionals and parents how EF develops in kids, what EF difficulties look like, and what creative and effective interventions can meet their needs. Executive functions involve mental processes such as: * Working memory-holding several pieces of information in mind while we try to do something with them-for example, understand and solve a problem or carry out a task. * Response inhibition-inhibiting actions that interfere with our intentions or goals. Cultural Software : A Theory of Ideology download PDF * Shifting focus-interrupting an ongoing response in order to direct attention to other aspects of a situation that are important for goal attainment. * Cognitive flexibility-generating alternative methods of solving a problem or reaching a goal. * Self-monitoring-checking on one's own cognitions and actions to assure that they are in line with one's intentions. * Goal Orientation-creating and carrying out a multi-step plan for achieving a goal in a timely fashion, keeping the "big picture" in mind.
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Author: J. M. Balkin
Number of Pages: 350 pages
Published Date: 01 Jun 2002
Publisher: Yale University Press
Publication Country: New Haven, United States
Language: English
ISBN: 9780300084504
Download Link: Click Here
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